Referenzen

[1] Aktiv, translated from German, 2021, pp. 7-9.

 

[2] “What is Circular Economy?,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://archive.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/what-is-the-circular-economy  [Accessed August 2021].

 

[3] The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, Directive 2008/98/EC on waste and repealing certain Directives, 22.11.2008. [Online]. Available:  https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDF  [Accessed June 2021].

 

[4] Eurostat, Manual on waste statistics – A handbook for data collection on waste generation and treatment, 2013. ed., p. 15, Eurostat EU, Luxembourg, 2013. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5926045/KS-RA-13-015-EN.PDF.pdf/055ad62c-347b-4315-9faa-0a1ebcb1313e?t=1414782620000  [Accessed June 2021].

 

[5] Å. Stenmarck, C. Jensen, T. Quested, G. Moates “Estimates of European food waste levels,” 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/Publications/Estimates%20of%20European%20food%20waste%20levels.pdf  [Accessed June 2021].

 

[6] “SDG INDICATORS: GOAL BY GOAL” [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/sdi/indicators  [Accessed June 2021].

 

[7] “Waste,” [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/waste/data  [Accessed June 2021]

 

[8] Ibid.

 

[9] “Guidance on classification of waste according to EWC-Stat categories, ”Eurostat EU, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/342366/351806/Guidance-on-EWCStat-categories-2010.pdf/0e7cd3fc-c05c-47a7-818f-1c2421e55604  [Accessed October 2021].

 

[10] The European Court of Justice established the following basic principles for distinguishing between recovery and disposal operations:

• The decision as to whether the treatment of waste constitutes a recovery operation depends on the principal objective of the operation.
• The principal objective of a recovery operation must be that the waste serves a useful purpose in replacing other materials which would have had to be used for that purpose. Judgment in case C-6/00 found in Manual on waste statistics – A handbook for data collection on waste generation and treatment, p. 37, Eurostat EU, Luxembourg, 2013.

 

[11] The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration, Art. 3 (5), 04.12.2000. [Online]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32000L0076&from=EN  [Accessed October 2021].

 

[12] R. Deer, “The History and Future of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,” Roadrunner, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.roadrunnerwm.com/blog/the-history-and-future-of-the-great-pacific-garbage-patch  [Accessed June 2021]

 

[13] L. Parker, “Plastic trash in seas will nearly triple by 2040 without drastic action,” National Geographic, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/plastic-trash-in-seas-will-nearly-triple-by-2040-if-nothing-done  [Accessed June 2021].

 

[14] Ellen MacArthur Foundation “The New Plastics Economy – Catalysing Action”, p.17. [Online]. Available:  https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/the-new-plastics-economy-catalysing-action  [Accessed July 2021].

 

[15] T. Hardin, “Plastic; It’s Not All the Same,” Plastic Oceans. [Online]. Available: https://plasticoceans.org/7-types-of-plastic/  [Accessed October 2021].

 

[16] UN Habitat, “Waste Wise Cities Good Practices” [Online]. Available: https://unhabitat.org/wastewisecities-top-20-innovative-solutions-that-transform-waste-to-wealth [Accessed June 2021]

 

[17] “Reverse Vending Machines,” [Online]. Available: https://www.urbanagendaplatform.org/best-practice/reverse-vending-machines  [Accessed July 2021]

 

[18] eTrash2Cash [Online]. Available: http://etrash2cash.com/  [Accessed July 2021].

 

[19] Soso Care [Online]. Available: https://sosocare.com/  [Accessed July 2021].

 

[20] United States Environmental Protection Agency “Electronics Donation and recycling,” 2020. [Online]. Available:  https://www.epa.gov/recycle/electronics-donation-and-recycling#where  [Accessed July 2021].

 

[21] AfB [Online]. Available: https://www.afbshop.at/  [Accessed July 2021].

 

[22] refurbed [Online]. Available: https://www.refurbed.at/  [Accessed October 2021].

 

[23] The World Bank “Meet the Innovator Battling Plastic Waste in Solomon Islands: Rendy Solomon,” 2019 [Online]. Available: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/06/05/meet-the-innovators-battling-plastic-waste-in-solomon-islands-rendy-solomon  [Accessed July 2021]

 

[24] “Bracenet freeing seas of ghost nets,” Hamburg News, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://bracenet.net/en/  [Accessed October 2021].

 

[25] L. Smith “We use 6.8 billion masks a day. Researchers want to turn them into roads,” Fast Company, 2021. [Online]. Available:  https://www.fastcompany.com/90600718/we-use-6-8-billion-face-masks-a-day-researchers-want-to-turn-them-into-roads  [Accessed July 2021].

 

[26] M. James, “Mud Jeans: A Circular Economy Leader in the Apparel Industry,” Brilliantly made, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.brilliantlymade.com/blog/apparel/mud-jeans-a-circular-economy-leader-in-the-apparel-industry  [Accessed June 2021]

 

[27] M. Wilson, “Exclusive: Adidas’s radical new shoe could change how the world buys sneakers,” Fast Company, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.fastcompany.com/90335038/exclusive-adidass-radical-new-shoe-could-change-how-the-world-buys-sneakers  [Accessed June 2021]

 

[28] “Timberland and Omni United Establish Timberland Tires,” American Recycler News, 2014. [Online] https://americanrecycler.com/8568759/index.php/news/rubber-recycling/708-timberland-and-omni-united-establish-timberland-tires  [Accessed June 2021]

 

[29] American Chemistry Council, “What Plastics Can Become,” Recycle and Recover Plastic. [Online]. Available: https://www.recycleandrecoverplastics.org/consumers/kids-recycling/plastics-can-become/  [Accessed October 2021]

 

[30] “The bottle-to-bottle loop,” PET to PET Recycling Österreich.[Online]. Available: http://www.pet2pet.at/en/node/52  [Accessed July 2021]

 

[31] “Precious Plastic Machines,” Precious Plastic. [Online]. Available: https://preciousplastic.com/solutions/machines/overview.html